Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) is used on a variety of late model engines: Audi, BMW, GM, Ford, Hyundai, Lexus, Mazda, MINI, Nissan, Porsche, VW and others. A GDI sprays fuel directly into the combustion chamber under high pressure, rather than spraying fuel under low pressure into the intake ports in the cylinder head. GDI increases fuel economy and power 15 to 25 percent, but there is a downside that is now becoming apparent as these engines with accumulate miles.
The problem is carbon deposits are building up on the inlet side (top) of the intake valves. The deposits can create turbulence and can restrict airflow into the cylinders causing performance and drivability problems (hesitation, stumbling, misfiring, and even hard starting). The thicker the carbon deposit buildup on the valves, the worse the drivability problems.
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